What is parenteral exposure?

Parenteral exposure is defined as subcutaneous, intramuscular or intravenous contact with blood or other body fluid of an HIV-1 infected individual, but not mucocutaneous contact. Percutaneous injuries involving splashes of infected fluid onto open wounds were excluded.

What is an example of parenteral exposure?

Possible Parenteral Exposure: Subcutaneous (superficial) injury with blood/body fluid contaminated needle; Wound produced by blood/body fluid contaminated instrument which does not cause visible bleeding; Prior wound or skin lesion contaminated with blood/body fluids; Mucous membrane inoculation with blood/body fluids.

What is parenteral route of transmission?

Parenteral transmission is defined as that which occurs outside of the alimentary tract, such as in subcutaneous, intravenous, intramuscular, and intrasternal injections.

What infectious disease can be transmitted via parenteral route?

Hepatitis B, C, and D viruses (HBV, HCV, and HDV) are all transmitted by what is known as the parenteral route. Parenteral simply means that these viruses can be introduced by all routes except through the intestinal tract, which leaves the door wide open in terms of possible exposure.

What is parenteral in medical terms?

Medical Definition of parenteral (Entry 1 of 2) : situated or occurring outside the intestine parenteral drug administration by intravenous, intramuscular, or subcutaneous injection especially : introduced otherwise than by way of the intestines enteric versus parenteral feeding.

What four conditions must be present for the spread of a pathogen to occur?

To be able to persist or live on, pathogens must be able to leave an infected host, survive transmission in the environment, enter a susceptible person or animal, and develop and/or multiply in the newly infected host.

What does parenteral administration mean?

Parenteral drug administration means any non-oral means of administration, but is generally interpreted as relating to injecting directly into the body, bypassing the skin and mucous membranes.

What are examples of parenteral administration?

Administration by injection (parenteral administration) includes the following routes:

• Subcutaneous (under the skin)
• Intramuscular (in a muscle)
• Intravenous (in a vein)
• Intrathecal (around the spinal cord)

What is convalescent carrier?

Convalescent carriers are those who have recovered from their illness but remain capable of transmitting to others. Chronic carriers are those who continue to harbor a pathogen such as hepatitis B virus or Salmonella Typhi, the causative agent of typhoid fever, for months or even years after their initial infection.

What are the four routes of parenteral administration?

Routes of administration can broadly be divided into four categories: topical, enteral, parenteral and other. Topical: Usually for a local effect, a substance is applied directly where its action is desired. Epicutaneous (application onto the skin), e.g. allergy testing, topical local anesthesia.

What does parenteral mean in medical terms?

Medical Definition of parenteral. (Entry 1 of 2) : situated or occurring outside the intestine parenteral drug administration by intravenous, intramuscular, or subcutaneous injection especially : introduced otherwise than by way of the intestines enteric versus parenteral feeding. Other Words from parenteral.

What is parenteral transmission?

Parenteral transmission refers to the passage or transfer of potentially dangerous pathogens via a way other than through the digestive system. Pathogens are disease causing agents such as viruses and bacteria. When we speak of parenteral transmission, we usually refer to methods of transmission that refer to breaks in the skin.